隨著順酐技術(shù)不斷提高，被廣泛應(yīng)用于各種制造行業(yè)，主要包括醫(yī)藥行業(yè)、油脂樹脂行業(yè)以及潤滑油添加劑行業(yè)等?；诖?，
順酐廠家就順酐工藝路線進(jìn)行簡要分析，希望可以提共一個有效的借鑒。
With the continuous improvement of maleic anhydride production technology, it is widely used in various manufacturing industries, mainly including the pharmaceutical industry, grease resin industry, and lubricant additive industry. Based on this, maleic anhydride manufacturers have conducted a brief analysis of the production process route of maleic anhydride, hoping to provide an effective reference.
苯氧化法:
Benzene oxidation method:
苯法順酐是在固定床反應(yīng)器中，使原料苯經(jīng)過催化劑V-MO-_P碳化硅的催化，與空氣接觸完成氧化反應(yīng)生成順酐氣體。然后順酐氣體經(jīng)水的吸收以及恒沸脫水，減壓連續(xù)精餾后，得到順酐。苯法順酐的工藝中，通過對催化劑的裝填、反應(yīng)器壓力、反應(yīng)器進(jìn)口氣溫度、空速和熔鹽溫度的優(yōu)化來完善整個工藝。
The production of maleic anhydride by the benzene method is carried out in a fixed bed reactor, where the raw benzene passes through the catalyst V-MO-_ The catalysis of P silicon carbide, in contact with air, completes the oxidation reaction to generate maleic anhydride gas. Then, the maleic anhydride gas is absorbed by water and subjected to azeotropic dehydration, followed by continuous distillation under reduced pressure to obtain maleic anhydride. In the production process of benzene based maleic anhydride, the entire process is improved by optimizing the loading of catalysts, reactor pressure, reactor inlet temperature, space velocity, and molten salt temperature.
目前，在我國順酐的廠家大部分均采用的是苯法工藝，其裝置小部分從國外引進(jìn)。大部分采用仍國內(nèi)技術(shù)。例如常州亞邦化工集團(tuán)采用的就是苯工藝法。基本原理是采用苯原料依托固定床氧化，使用二甲苯恒沸脫水、加入冷凝器加水吸收的回收工藝、反應(yīng)熱的回收利用等工藝。
At present, most manufacturers of maleic anhydride in China use the benzene process, and a small portion of their devices are imported from abroad. Most of them still use domestic technology. For example, Changzhou Yabang Chemical Group adopts the benzene process method. The basic principle is to adopt advanced processes such as benzene raw material relying on fixed bed oxidation, xylene azeotropic dehydration, adding water to the condenser for absorption, and the recovery and utilization of reaction heat.
在苯法工藝中，原料來源可以得到保障與支持;其次苯法采用的連續(xù)精餾可使順酐質(zhì)量更加穩(wěn)定且提高收率降低能耗;另外，近年來采用背壓式汽輪機(jī)新裝置利用余熱產(chǎn)生蒸汽使得熱平衡得到更大的完善，不僅充分利用熱能，可降低成本，增加經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
In the benzene production process, the source of raw materials can be guaranteed and supported first; Secondly, the continuous distillation used in the benzene method can make the quality of maleic anhydride more stable, improve the yield, and reduce energy consumption; In addition, in recent years, the use of back pressure steam turbines to generate steam from waste heat has greatly improved the heat balance, not only making full use of heat energy, but also reducing production costs and increasing economic benefits.
由于原材料等原因，我國基本上采取苯氧化法，但是弊端是對苯的利用率低，污染了環(huán)境，其主要污染物為廢氣、廢水、廢渣。
Due to reasons such as raw materials, China basically adopts the benzene oxidation method, but the disadvantage is that the utilization rate of benzene is low, which pollutes the environment. The main pollutants are exhaust gas, wastewater, and waste residue.
順酐工藝
Maleic anhydride production process
正丁烷氧化法C4餾分中成本低且易得到原料是正丁烷。與氧氣混合氧化產(chǎn)生順酐是三種方式中成本低。正丁烷氧化法由于污染小、成本低的特征，在近年來得到廣泛的應(yīng)用，隨著混合C4餾分為原料固定床氧化工藝發(fā)展并成熟，逐漸占據(jù)工藝中主導(dǎo)地位。正丁烷順酐方式主要有兩大優(yōu)勢:
The low cost and easily obtainable raw material in C4 fraction of n-butane oxidation method is n-butane. Mixed oxidation with oxygen to produce maleic anhydride is one of the three low-cost methods. The n-butane oxidation method has been widely used in recent years due to its characteristics of low pollution and low cost. With the development and maturity of the fixed bed oxidation process using mixed C4 fractions as raw materials, it gradually occupies a dominant position in the production process. The production of maleic anhydride using n-butane has two main advantages:
正丁烷原料以苯原料更為便宜，由于苯原料被各行業(yè)廠泛使用，使得苯不斷上浮更是加劇苯與正丁烷單價差異;正丁烷原材料中所釋放的有市副產(chǎn)物比苯原材料更少，很大程度上減少了環(huán)境的污染，并且正丁烷氧化工藝所需要裝置與苯氧化工藝裝置相同，差別僅在于將催化劑環(huán)節(jié)更換為正丁烷氧化設(shè)備。
The price of n-butane raw material is cheaper than that of benzene raw material. Due to the widespread use of benzene raw material by various production factories, the price of benzene continues to rise, exacerbating the price difference between benzene and n-butane; The production of n-butane raw materials releases fewer commercial by-products than benzene raw materials, greatly reducing environmental pollution. Moreover, the equipment required for n-butane oxidation production process is the same as that for benzene oxidation production process, with the only difference being that the catalyst link is replaced with n-butane oxidation equipment.
因此，順酐相關(guān)科研人員加大對正丁烷氧化順酐工藝研究力度，在一-定程度上推動了正丁烷氧化法發(fā)展。正J烷氧化順酐是非常復(fù)雜氧化還原反應(yīng)，環(huán)節(jié)為氧化反應(yīng)環(huán)節(jié)和后處理回收環(huán)節(jié)。
Therefore, researchers related to the production of maleic anhydride have increased their research on the process of n-butane oxidation to produce maleic anhydride, which has to some extent promoted the development of n-butane oxidation method. The production of maleic anhydride by n-J alkane oxidation is a very complex oxidation-reduction reaction, which involves oxidation reaction and post-treatment recovery.
苯法及正丁烷法工藝比較
Comparison of Production Processes between Benzene Method and n-Butane Method
在順酐工藝方面苯法及正丁烷法大致相同，其共性主要體現(xiàn)在選擇使用固定床與空氣進(jìn)行氧化、部分冷凝過程中用水進(jìn)行吸收、利用二甲苯間歇沸脫水精制的工藝路線上。這兩種工藝除了原料不同，工藝路線基本上是一致的，除此之外它們之間大的區(qū)別:
In terms of the production process of maleic anhydride, the benzene method and the n-butane method are roughly the same, and their commonalities are mainly reflected in the selection of a fixed bed for oxidation with air, water absorption during partial condensation, and the use of xylene intermittent boiling dehydration and refining process route. These two production processes, apart from different raw materials, have basically the same production process route. In addition, there are significant differences between them:
正丁烷工藝中需要增加包括正丁烷分離、反應(yīng)器的壓力提高廢氣焚燒系統(tǒng)在內(nèi)的三套氣分裝置;正丁烷氧化法在原料上更省、成本更低、產(chǎn)出量更高，催化劑使用更好、環(huán)境污染更輕、技術(shù)上更新的特點(diǎn)使得正丁烷法成為了目前國內(nèi)企業(yè)順酐的發(fā)展新趨勢。更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容就來我們網(wǎng)站
http://www.gzuvafuz.cn咨詢！
In the production process of n-butane, it is necessary to add three sets of gas separation devices, including n-butane separation, reactor pressure increase, and waste gas incineration system; The n-butane oxidation method has become a new trend in the production of maleic anhydride by domestic enterprises due to its advantages such as lower raw materials, lower production costs, higher output, better catalyst use, lighter environmental pollution, and updated technology. For more related content, come to our website http://www.gzuvafuz.cn consulting service
